Analytical Hierarchy Process is a method of solving a Multiple Attribute Decision Mak-ing. This method is based on the pairwise comparisons between the alternatives. These comparisons form a matrix named pairwise comparison matrix or judgment matrix. The weights of mentioned alternatives will be determined from this mentioned above matrix. In the case of consistency of the judgments, the cited weights are reliable and trusty. On the other hand, if the consistency of the judgment matrix is not acceptable, the result sufficient level of trust. In this case it is requested that the decision maker revise the judg-ment. In this paper we propose a method to approximate a consistent judgment matrix from an inconsistent one without the revision of the judgments. This method is based on decreasing the effects of the mistakes made by the decision maker.

The contribution of this paper to the space transportation system field is to select promising Reusable Launch Vehicle (RL V) concepts by using a formal evaluation procedure. The vehicle system is divided into certain design features. Every design feature can have alternative characteristics. All combinations of design features and characteristics are compared pairwise with each other. The innovation and novelty of this evaluation procedure is to assess these characteristics with respect to relative importance for a feasible vehicle concept as seen from  technical, economic and political aspects. This valuation process leads to a ranked list of design features for suborbital and orbital applications. The result is a theoretical optimized suborbital and orbital vehicle each. The method of pairwise comparison allows us to determine not only the ranking but also the assessing of the relative weight of each feature compared to others.

In the present paper we introduce and study the notion of pairwise weakly Lindelof bitopological spaces and obtain some results. Further, we also study the pairwise weakly Lindelof subspaces and subsets, and investigate some of their properties. It is proved that a pairwise weakly Lindelof property is not a hereditary property.

In this article, we have introduced the notion of pairwise compactness in bi-isotonic spaces via finite intersection property and pairwise open cover. Moreover, we have given pairwise compactness of bi-isotonic subspaces with both reduced closure and interior functions. We have characterized pairwise compactness by the neighborhood concept; however, the axioms of bi-isotonic spaces are insufficient to prove the theorem, and we have studied this in bi-closure spaces. For similar reasons, occasionally, bi-closure spaces have been considered with additional explanations, even if some concepts related to compactness have been naturally extended to bi-isotonic spaces. Additionally, interesting results have been obtained considering the pairwise Hausdorffness and compactness relationship. It has also been observed that resembling cross-relationships exist for closed subsets of pairwise compact spaces. Finally, it has been observed that the pairwise compactness of bi-closure spaces is preserved under bi-continuity.

Over the last three centuries, worldwide improper utilization of rangelands has led to degradation of ecosystem services. Rangelands, like other natural resources used by humans, are embedded in complex socio-ecological systems. To determine how to better manage this important resource, we developed a rangeland ecosystem services model using the Driver-Pressure-State-Impacts– Response (DPSIR) conceptual model. The model was tested in a river basin in north-east of Iran. We asked 56 experts and 42 local land users on their perceptions of rangeland changes, causes of change, and possible actions to mitigate impacts using Delphi method, workshops, and questionnaires. A Multi-Criteria Decision Making method was used to evaluate the perceived interactions among the components of the DPSIR framework. Climate change and rangeland degradation were the most important pressures, leading to a decline in rangeland production, decreased vegetation cover, and land-use change. Experts and locals argued that forage and herbal species production, erosion control, and flood control were the most affected ecosystem services. They suggested the use of resistant plants, local training, and rangeland rest to manage these problems. The DPSIR framework was useful in developing a comprehensive insight for local people and managers on the social and ecological complexity of rangelands and the potential responses for coping with pressures.